The abscess connection
When an anal abscess drains or is drained, a tract may remain and become a fistula.
Painful swelling
Pus discharge
Recurring boil near anus
Fistula Info
Fistula Causes & Risk Factors
Most anal fistulas begin after an anal gland infection forms an abscess and then a tunnel between the anal canal and skin. Some are linked to Crohn's disease, trauma or previous surgery.
Patient Guide
Fistula Causes & Risk Factors
Learn common anal fistula causes and risk factors, including anal abscess, infection, Crohn's disease, recurrence and delayed drainage.
Risk factors to discuss
A complete history helps identify recurrence risk and conditions that alter treatment choice.
Previous abscess
Inflammatory bowel disease
Past fistula surgery
Why early care matters
Delayed treatment can allow branching tracts or repeated infection in some patients.
Map the tract
Drain infection
Plan definitive care
Related Reading
Explore Related Topics
Continue learning about anal fistula — each linked topic adds important clinical context to help you prepare for your consultation.
FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
Does every abscess become a fistula?
No, but a significant number can. Follow-up is important if drainage or swelling returns.
Can antibiotics cure fistula?
Antibiotics may help infection in selected cases, but a persistent fistula tract usually needs procedural management.
Why does fistula come back?
Recurrence can happen if the tract, branch or internal opening is not fully controlled.
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Care Notes
Often follows an anal abscess
Persistent drainage is a key clue
Crohn's disease can complicate care
Medical references used for this guide
This page is educational and does not replace a clinician's examination. References reviewed include ASCRS abscess and fistula patient information, Johns Hopkins anal fistula guide, and Simple fistula-in-ano systematic review.